Hydrogen-rich water help of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumorsScientific Research
Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumors
Abstract
Background
Cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy often experience fatigue and reduced quality of life (QOL). Many of the side effects of radiation therapy are thought to be related to increased oxidative stress and inflammation due to the production of reactive oxygen species during radiation therapy. Hydrogen can be used as a therapeutic medical gas, has antioxidant properties and reduces tissue inflammation. This study examined whether hydrogen therapy in the form of hydrogen-supplemented water could improve the quality of life of patients undergoing radiation therapy.
Methods
A randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effects of drinking hydrogen-enriched water in 49 patients with malignant liver tumors undergoing radiation therapy. Prepare hydrogen-rich water (final hydrogen concentration: 0.55-0.65 mM) by placing metallic magnesium rods in drinking water.After 14 days of intervention, HRW intake significantly increased fasting arterial pH by 0.04 (95% confidence interval; 0.01-0.08; p<0.001) and post-exercise pH by 0.07 (95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.10, p=0.03) In the HRW study, fasting bicarbonate was significantly higher after the dosing regimen than before the dosing (30.5 ± 1.9 mEq/L vs. 28.3 ± 2.3 mEq/L; p<0.0001). No volunteers withdrew before the end of the study, and no participants reported any annoying side effects from the supplement. These results support the hypothesis that HRW administration is safe and may have an alkalizing effect in young physically active men.
Results
Drinking hydrogen-rich water for 6 weeks reduces reactive oxygen metabolites in the blood and maintains the oxidative potential of the blood. Compared with patients who received placebo water, patients who received hydrogen-rich water had significantly improved quality of life scores during radiotherapy. There was no difference in tumor response to radiation between the two groups.
Conclusion
Daily consumption of hydrogen-rich water is a potential novel therapeutic strategy to improve quality of life after radiation exposure. Drinking hydrogen-rich water reduces the biological response to radiation-induced oxidative stress without affecting the antitumor effect.
Abbreviations
- ROS:
- reactive oxygen species
- QOL:
- quality of life
References
- 1.
Ringborg U, Bergqvist D, Brorsson B, Cavallin-Stahl E, Ceberg J, Einhorn N, Frodin JE, Jarhult J, Lamnevik G, Lindholm C, Littbrand B, Norlund A, Nylen U, Rosen M, Svensson H, Moller TR: The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) systematic overview of radiotherapy for cancer including a prospective survey of radiotherapy practice in Sweden 2001–summary and conclusions. Acta Oncol. 2003, 42 (5-6): 357-65. 10.1080/02841860310010826.
- 2.
Zhao W, Robbins ME: Inflammation and chronic oxidative stress in radiation-induced late normal tissue injury: therapeutic implications. Curr Med Chem. 2009, 16 (2): 130-43. 10.2174/092986709787002790.
- 3.
Citrin D, Cotrim AP, Hyodo F, Baum BJ, Krishna MC, Mitchell JB: Radioprotectors and mitigators of radiation-induced normal tissue injury. Oncologist. 2010, 15 (4): 360-71. 10.1634/theoncologist.2009-S104.
- 4.
Ohsawa I, Ishikawa M, Takahashi K, Watanabe M, Nishimaki K, Yamagata K, Katsura K, Katayama Y, Asoh S, Ohta S: Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. Nat Med. 2007, 13 (6): 688-94. 10.1038/nm1577.
- 5.
Buchholz BM, Kaczorowski DJ, Sugimoto R, Yang R, Wang Y, Billiar TR, McCurry KR, Bauer AJ, Nakao A: Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates oxidative stress in transplantation induced intestinal graft injury. Am J Transplant. 2008, 8 (10): 2015-24. 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02359.x.
- 6.
Huang C, Kawamura T, Toyoda Y, Nakao A: Recent Advances in Hydrogen Research as a Therapeutic Medical Gas. Free Rad Res. 2010, 44 (9): 971-82. 10.3109/10715762.2010.500328.
- 7.
Fujita K, Seike T, Yutsudo N, Ohno M, Yamada H, Yamaguchi H, Sakumi K, Yamakawa Y, Kido MA, Takaki A, Katafuchi T, Tanaka Y, Nakabeppu Y, Noda M: Hydrogen in Drinking Water Reduces Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease. PLoS One. 2009, 4 (9): e7247-10.1371/journal.pone.0007247.
- 8.
Nakao A, Toyoda Y, Sharma P, Evans M, Guthrie N: Effectiveness of hydrogen rich water on antioxidant status of subjects with potential metabolic syndrome-an open label pilot study. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2010, 46 (2): 140-9. 10.3164/jcbn.09-100.
- 9.
Gu Y, Huang CS, Inoue T, Yamashita T, Ishida T, Kang KM, Nakao A: Drinking hydrogen water ameliorated cognitive impairment in senescence-accelerated mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2010, 46 (3): 269-76. 10.3164/jcbn.10-19.
- 10.
Ohsawa I, Nishimaki K, Yamagata K, Ishikawa M, Ohta S: Consumption of hydrogen water prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008, 377 (4): 1195-8. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.10.156.
- 11.
Kajiyama S, Hasegawa G, Asano M, Hosoda H, Fukui M, Nakamura N, Kitawaki J, Imai S, Nakano K, Ohta M, Adachi T, Obayashi H, Yoshikawa T: Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Nutr Res. 2008, 28 (3): 137-43. 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.01.008.
- 12.
Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, Bergman B, Bullinger M, Cull A, Duez NJ, Filiberti A, Flechtner H, Fleishman SB, de Haes JC, et al: The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993, 85 (5): 365-76. 10.1093/jnci/85.5.365.
- 13.
Ezaki S, Suzuki K, Kurishima C, Miura M, Weilin W, Hoshi R, Tanitsu S, Tomita Y, Takayama C, Wada M, Kondo T, Tamura M: Resuscitation of preterm infants with reduced oxygen results in less oxidative stress than resuscitation with 100% oxygen. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2009, 44 (1): 111-8. 10.3164/jcbn.08-221.
- 14.
Kwon JH, Bae SH, Kim JY, Choi BO, Jang HS, Jang JW, Choi JY, Yoon SK, Chung KW: Long-term effect of stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for local ablation therapy or surgical resection. Stereotactic radiotherapy for liver cancer. BMC Cancer. 2010, 10: 475-10.1186/1471-2407-10-475.
- 15.
Nakashima-Kamimura N, Mori T, Ohsawa I, Asoh S, Ohta S: Molecular hydrogen alleviates nephrotoxicity induced by an anti-cancer drug cisplatin without compromising anti-tumor activity in mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009, 64 (4): 753-61. 10.1007/s00280-008-0924-2.
- 16.
Sato Y, Kajiyama S, Amano A, Kondo Y, Sasaki T, Handa S, Takahashi R, Fukui M, Hasegawa G, Nakamura N, Fujinawa H, Mori T, Ohta M, Obayashi H, Maruyama N, Ishigami A: Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents superoxide formation in brain slices of vitamin C-depleted SMP30/GNL knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008, 375 (3): 346-50. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.020.
- 17.
Cardinal JS, Zhan J, Wang Y, Sugimoto R, Tsung A, McCurry KR, Billiar TR, Nakao A: Oral Administration Of Hydrogen Water Prevents Chronic Allograft Nephropathy In Rat Renal Transplantation. Kidney Int. 2009, 77 (2): 101-9.
- 18.
Vijayalaxmi , Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Herman TS, Thomas CR: Melatonin as a radioprotective agent: a review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004, 59 (3): 639-53. 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.02.006.
- 19.
Chitra S, Shyamala Devi CS: Effects of radiation and alpha-tocopherol on saliva flow rate, amylase activity, total protein and electrolyte levels in oral cavity cancer. Indian J Dent Res. 2008, 19 (3): 213-8. 10.4103/0970-9290.42953.
- 20.
Sanchiz F, Milla A, Artola N, Julia JC, Moya LM, Pedro A, Vila A: Prevention of radioinduced cystitis by orgotein: a randomized study. Anticancer Res. 1996, 16 (4A): 2025-8.
- 21.
Misirlioglu CH, Demirkasimoglu T, Kucukplakci B, Sanri E, Altundag K: Pentoxifylline and alpha-tocopherol in prevention of radiation-induced lung toxicity in patients with lung cancer. Med Oncol. 2007, 24 (3): 308-11. 10.1007/s12032-007-0006-z.
- 22.
Xavier S, Yamada K, Samuni AM, Samuni A, DeGraff W, Krishna MC, Mitchell JB: Differential protection by nitroxides and hydroxylamines to radiation-induced and metal ion-catalyzed oxidative damage. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002, 1573 (2): 109-20.
- 23.
Prasad KN, Cole WC, Kumar B, Che Prasad K: Pros and cons of antioxidant use during radiation therapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 2002, 28 (2): 79-91. 10.1053/ctrv.2002.0260.
- 24.
Ladas EJ, Jacobson JS, Kennedy DD, Teel K, Fleischauer A, Kelly KM: Antioxidants and cancer therapy: a systematic review. J Clin Oncol. 2004, 22 (3): 517-28.
- 25.
Bairati I, Meyer F, Gelinas M, Fortin A, Nabid A, Brochet F, Mercier JP, Tetu B, Harel F, Abdous B, Vigneault E, Vass S, Del Vecchio P, Roy J: Randomized trial of antioxidant vitamins to prevent acute adverse effects of radiation therapy in head and neck cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2005, 23 (24): 5805-13. 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.514.
- 26.
Meyer F, Bairati I, Fortin A, Gelinas M, Nabid A, Brochet F, Tetu B: Interaction between antioxidant vitamin supplementation and cigarette smoking during radiation therapy in relation to long-term effects on recurrence and mortality: a randomized trial among head and neck cancer patients. Int J Cancer. 2008, 122 (7): 1679-83.
- 27.
Qian L, Cao F, Cui J, Huang Y, Zhou X, Liu S, Cai J: Radioprotective effect of hydrogen in cultured cells and mice. Free Radic Res. 2010, 44 (3): 275-82. 10.3109/10715760903468758.
DOI: 10.1186
Published on: 20110706
Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumors
Abstract
Background
Cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy often experience fatigue and reduced quality of life (QOL). Many of the side effects of radiation therapy are thought to be related to increased oxidative stress and inflammation due to the production of reactive oxygen species during radiation therapy. Hydrogen can be used as a therapeutic medical gas, has antioxidant properties and reduces tissue inflammation. This study examined whether hydrogen therapy in the form of hydrogen-supplemented water could improve the quality of life of patients undergoing radiation therapy.
Methods
A randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effects of drinking hydrogen-enriched water in 49 patients with malignant liver tumors undergoing radiation therapy. Prepare hydrogen-rich water (final hydrogen concentration: 0.55-0.65 mM) by placing metallic magnesium rods in drinking water.After 14 days of intervention, HRW intake significantly increased fasting arterial pH by 0.04 (95% confidence interval; 0.01-0.08; p<0.001) and post-exercise pH by 0.07 (95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.10, p=0.03) In the HRW study, fasting bicarbonate was significantly higher after the dosing regimen than before the dosing (30.5 ± 1.9 mEq/L vs. 28.3 ± 2.3 mEq/L; p<0.0001). No volunteers withdrew before the end of the study, and no participants reported any annoying side effects from the supplement. These results support the hypothesis that HRW administration is safe and may have an alkalizing effect in young physically active men.
Results
Drinking hydrogen-rich water for 6 weeks reduces reactive oxygen metabolites in the blood and maintains the oxidative potential of the blood. Compared with patients who received placebo water, patients who received hydrogen-rich water had significantly improved quality of life scores during radiotherapy. There was no difference in tumor response to radiation between the two groups.
Conclusion
Daily consumption of hydrogen-rich water is a potential novel therapeutic strategy to improve quality of life after radiation exposure. Drinking hydrogen-rich water reduces the biological response to radiation-induced oxidative stress without affecting the antitumor effect.
Abbreviations
- ROS:
- reactive oxygen species
- QOL:
- quality of life
References
- 1.
Ringborg U, Bergqvist D, Brorsson B, Cavallin-Stahl E, Ceberg J, Einhorn N, Frodin JE, Jarhult J, Lamnevik G, Lindholm C, Littbrand B, Norlund A, Nylen U, Rosen M, Svensson H, Moller TR: The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) systematic overview of radiotherapy for cancer including a prospective survey of radiotherapy practice in Sweden 2001–summary and conclusions. Acta Oncol. 2003, 42 (5-6): 357-65. 10.1080/02841860310010826.
- 2.
Zhao W, Robbins ME: Inflammation and chronic oxidative stress in radiation-induced late normal tissue injury: therapeutic implications. Curr Med Chem. 2009, 16 (2): 130-43. 10.2174/092986709787002790.
- 3.
Citrin D, Cotrim AP, Hyodo F, Baum BJ, Krishna MC, Mitchell JB: Radioprotectors and mitigators of radiation-induced normal tissue injury. Oncologist. 2010, 15 (4): 360-71. 10.1634/theoncologist.2009-S104.
- 4.
Ohsawa I, Ishikawa M, Takahashi K, Watanabe M, Nishimaki K, Yamagata K, Katsura K, Katayama Y, Asoh S, Ohta S: Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. Nat Med. 2007, 13 (6): 688-94. 10.1038/nm1577.
- 5.
Buchholz BM, Kaczorowski DJ, Sugimoto R, Yang R, Wang Y, Billiar TR, McCurry KR, Bauer AJ, Nakao A: Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates oxidative stress in transplantation induced intestinal graft injury. Am J Transplant. 2008, 8 (10): 2015-24. 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02359.x.
- 6.
Huang C, Kawamura T, Toyoda Y, Nakao A: Recent Advances in Hydrogen Research as a Therapeutic Medical Gas. Free Rad Res. 2010, 44 (9): 971-82. 10.3109/10715762.2010.500328.
- 7.
Fujita K, Seike T, Yutsudo N, Ohno M, Yamada H, Yamaguchi H, Sakumi K, Yamakawa Y, Kido MA, Takaki A, Katafuchi T, Tanaka Y, Nakabeppu Y, Noda M: Hydrogen in Drinking Water Reduces Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease. PLoS One. 2009, 4 (9): e7247-10.1371/journal.pone.0007247.
- 8.
Nakao A, Toyoda Y, Sharma P, Evans M, Guthrie N: Effectiveness of hydrogen rich water on antioxidant status of subjects with potential metabolic syndrome-an open label pilot study. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2010, 46 (2): 140-9. 10.3164/jcbn.09-100.
- 9.
Gu Y, Huang CS, Inoue T, Yamashita T, Ishida T, Kang KM, Nakao A: Drinking hydrogen water ameliorated cognitive impairment in senescence-accelerated mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2010, 46 (3): 269-76. 10.3164/jcbn.10-19.
- 10.
Ohsawa I, Nishimaki K, Yamagata K, Ishikawa M, Ohta S: Consumption of hydrogen water prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008, 377 (4): 1195-8. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.10.156.
- 11.
Kajiyama S, Hasegawa G, Asano M, Hosoda H, Fukui M, Nakamura N, Kitawaki J, Imai S, Nakano K, Ohta M, Adachi T, Obayashi H, Yoshikawa T: Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Nutr Res. 2008, 28 (3): 137-43. 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.01.008.
- 12.
Aaronson NK, Ahmedzai S, Bergman B, Bullinger M, Cull A, Duez NJ, Filiberti A, Flechtner H, Fleishman SB, de Haes JC, et al: The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993, 85 (5): 365-76. 10.1093/jnci/85.5.365.
- 13.
Ezaki S, Suzuki K, Kurishima C, Miura M, Weilin W, Hoshi R, Tanitsu S, Tomita Y, Takayama C, Wada M, Kondo T, Tamura M: Resuscitation of preterm infants with reduced oxygen results in less oxidative stress than resuscitation with 100% oxygen. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2009, 44 (1): 111-8. 10.3164/jcbn.08-221.
- 14.
Kwon JH, Bae SH, Kim JY, Choi BO, Jang HS, Jang JW, Choi JY, Yoon SK, Chung KW: Long-term effect of stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for local ablation therapy or surgical resection. Stereotactic radiotherapy for liver cancer. BMC Cancer. 2010, 10: 475-10.1186/1471-2407-10-475.
- 15.
Nakashima-Kamimura N, Mori T, Ohsawa I, Asoh S, Ohta S: Molecular hydrogen alleviates nephrotoxicity induced by an anti-cancer drug cisplatin without compromising anti-tumor activity in mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009, 64 (4): 753-61. 10.1007/s00280-008-0924-2.
- 16.
Sato Y, Kajiyama S, Amano A, Kondo Y, Sasaki T, Handa S, Takahashi R, Fukui M, Hasegawa G, Nakamura N, Fujinawa H, Mori T, Ohta M, Obayashi H, Maruyama N, Ishigami A: Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents superoxide formation in brain slices of vitamin C-depleted SMP30/GNL knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008, 375 (3): 346-50. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.020.
- 17.
Cardinal JS, Zhan J, Wang Y, Sugimoto R, Tsung A, McCurry KR, Billiar TR, Nakao A: Oral Administration Of Hydrogen Water Prevents Chronic Allograft Nephropathy In Rat Renal Transplantation. Kidney Int. 2009, 77 (2): 101-9.
- 18.
Vijayalaxmi , Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Herman TS, Thomas CR: Melatonin as a radioprotective agent: a review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004, 59 (3): 639-53. 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.02.006.
- 19.
Chitra S, Shyamala Devi CS: Effects of radiation and alpha-tocopherol on saliva flow rate, amylase activity, total protein and electrolyte levels in oral cavity cancer. Indian J Dent Res. 2008, 19 (3): 213-8. 10.4103/0970-9290.42953.
- 20.
Sanchiz F, Milla A, Artola N, Julia JC, Moya LM, Pedro A, Vila A: Prevention of radioinduced cystitis by orgotein: a randomized study. Anticancer Res. 1996, 16 (4A): 2025-8.
- 21.
Misirlioglu CH, Demirkasimoglu T, Kucukplakci B, Sanri E, Altundag K: Pentoxifylline and alpha-tocopherol in prevention of radiation-induced lung toxicity in patients with lung cancer. Med Oncol. 2007, 24 (3): 308-11. 10.1007/s12032-007-0006-z.
- 22.
Xavier S, Yamada K, Samuni AM, Samuni A, DeGraff W, Krishna MC, Mitchell JB: Differential protection by nitroxides and hydroxylamines to radiation-induced and metal ion-catalyzed oxidative damage. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002, 1573 (2): 109-20.
- 23.
Prasad KN, Cole WC, Kumar B, Che Prasad K: Pros and cons of antioxidant use during radiation therapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 2002, 28 (2): 79-91. 10.1053/ctrv.2002.0260.
- 24.
Ladas EJ, Jacobson JS, Kennedy DD, Teel K, Fleischauer A, Kelly KM: Antioxidants and cancer therapy: a systematic review. J Clin Oncol. 2004, 22 (3): 517-28.
- 25.
Bairati I, Meyer F, Gelinas M, Fortin A, Nabid A, Brochet F, Mercier JP, Tetu B, Harel F, Abdous B, Vigneault E, Vass S, Del Vecchio P, Roy J: Randomized trial of antioxidant vitamins to prevent acute adverse effects of radiation therapy in head and neck cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2005, 23 (24): 5805-13. 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.514.
- 26.
Meyer F, Bairati I, Fortin A, Gelinas M, Nabid A, Brochet F, Tetu B: Interaction between antioxidant vitamin supplementation and cigarette smoking during radiation therapy in relation to long-term effects on recurrence and mortality: a randomized trial among head and neck cancer patients. Int J Cancer. 2008, 122 (7): 1679-83.
- 27.
Qian L, Cao F, Cui J, Huang Y, Zhou X, Liu S, Cai J: Radioprotective effect of hydrogen in cultured cells and mice. Free Radic Res. 2010, 44 (3): 275-82. 10.3109/10715760903468758.
